Após o colonialismo

A Supremacia do inglês nas escolas indianas

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.48006/2358-0097-7124

Palavras-chave:

Regime colonial, Língua inglesa, Educação escolar, Escola internacional

Resumo

Ao longo dos anos, surgiu uma substancial literatura que discutiu a centralidade da língua inglesa na educação no contexto indiano com fins de favorecer o preparo local, bem como global de estudantes. Este artigo analisa como o inglês foi introduzido entre indianos durante o regime colonial e o significado do inglês nos tempos atuais enquanto matéria escolar e como meio primário de instrução e comunicação no contexto de escolarização, concentrando-se especialmente em uma escola internacional na Índia. Os resultados do estudo revelam que a escola não apenas atribui enorme ênfase no aprendizado do idioma; ela também se promove como uma instituição que oferece melhores habilidades na língua inglesa em comparação com outras escolas públicas/privadas que possuem o inglês como língua de ensino e assim prepara seus alunos para se tornarem fluentes no idioma, a fim de encarar o mundo em geral. Assim, este artigo procura principalmente entender como e por que o inglês, uma vez considerada uma língua estrangeira na Índia, continua sendo a língua- franca de certos setores privilegiados da sociedade e como esta escola internacional continua a ampliar a significância do inglês através de seu sistema de escolarização.

Referências

AGUIAR, A, and Nogueira, M. A. 2012. Internationalisation Strategies of Brazilian Private Schools. International Studies in Sociology of Education 22(4):353–368.

ANNAMALAI, E. 2005. Nation-building in a Globalised World: Language Choice and Education in India. In: Lin A. and Martin P. 2005. (Eds.) Decolonisation, Globalisation Language-in-Education Policy and Practice. 20-37.

ANNAMALAI, E. 2012. “Language in Political Economy and Market Economy: A Case Study of India”. Journal of Language and Law, 1: 50-62.

BALL, S. J. 2003. Class Strategies and the Education Market: The Middle Classes and Social Advantage. London: Routledge.

BALL, S.J. and Nikita, D.P. 2014. “The global middle class and school choice: a cosmopolitan sociology”. Z Erziehungswiss, 17(3): 81–93.

BHATTACHARYA, T. 2005. The Sentinels of Culture: Class, Education and the Colonial Intellectual in Bengal (1848-85). Delhi: Oxford University Press.

BLANCHARD, Christopher. M. 2007. ‘Islamic Religious Schools, Madrasas: Background’, CRS Report for Congress. Disponível em: http://www.investigativeproject.org/documents/testimony/333.pdf

BOURDIEU, P. 1984. Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgment of Taste. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

BOURDIEU, P. and Jean-Claude Passerson. 1990. Reproduction in Education, Society, and Culture. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

BOURDIEU, P. 1991. (ed.) Language and Symbolic Power. Trans. Gino Raymond and Matthew Adamson. Cambridge: Polity Press.

BOURDIEU, P. 1996. The State Nobility: Elite Schools in the Field of Power. Trans. Loretta C. Clough. Cambridge: Polity Press.

BUNNELL, T. 2019. International Education and Schooling in the ‘New Era’: Emerging Issues. England: Emerald Publishing.

BUNNELL, T. et al. 2020. “International mindedness as a platform for class solidarity”. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education. DOI: 10.1080/03057925.2020.1811639

BUSSOLO, M. et al. 2011. “Global Growth and Distribution: China, India, and the Emergence of a Global Middle Class”. Journal of Globalization and Development, 2(2): 1-27.

CHAKRAVARTTY, A. 2018. “Understanding India: Bhadralok, Modernity and Colonial India”. Indian Historical Review, 45(2): 257–285.

COHN, B. 1996. Colonialism and its Forms of Knowledge: The British in India. New Jersey: Princeton University Press

GHOSH, S. C. 2000. The History of Education in Modern India: 1757-1998. New Delhi: Orient Longman.

GILBERTSON, A. 2014. “'Mugging up' versus 'exposure': International schools and social mobility in Hyderabad, India”. Ethnography and Education, 9(2): 210-223.

HAYDEN, M.C. 2006. Introduction to International Education: International Schools and their Communities. London: Sage Publications.

HAYDEN, M.C., and Thompson, J.J. 2008. International schools: Growth and influence. Paris: UNESCO, International Institute for Educational Planning.

HAYDEN, M.C. 2011. “Transnational spaces of education: the growth of the international school sector”. Globalisation, Societies and Education, 9(2): 211-224.

HIGHET, K and DEL PERCIO, A. 2021a. “Hard work, growth mindset, fluent English: navigating neoliberal logics” In: Sardoc, M. (Ed.). The Impacts of Neoliberal Discourse and Language in Education: Critical Perspectives on a Rhetoric of Equality, Well-Being and Justice. Routledge Studies in Education, Neoliberalism and Marxism. New York: Routledge. p. 100-119.

HIGHET, K and DEL PERCIO, A. 2021b. “When linguistic capital isn’t enough: personality development and English speakerhood as capital in India”. In: Petrovic, J. E. and Yazan, B. (Eds.) The commodification of language: Conceptual concerns and empirical manifestations. New York: Routledge. p. 127-143.

KATZ, C. 2012. “Just Managing: American Middle-Class Parenthood”. In: Insecure Times In Heiman, R. et al. (Eds.). 2012. The Global Middle Classes: Theorizing through ethnography. U.S.A.: SAR Press. p. 169-188.

KINGDON, G. 1996. “The quality and efficiency of private and public education: A case study of urban India”. Oxford Bulletin of Economic Statistics, 58:57–82.

KINGDON, G. 2007. “The progress of school education in India”. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 23: 168-195.

KINGDON, G. 2017. “The emptying of public schools and growth of private schools in India”. In: Report on Budget Private Schools in India. New Delhi: Centre for Civil Society. p. 12-31.

KUMAR, K. 1988. “Origins of India's ‘Textbook Culture’”. The Chicago Journals: Comparative Education Review, 32(4): 452-464.

MAHMOOD, S. 1895. A History of English Education In India (1789-1893). Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press.

MCTAGGART, A. G. 2018. “The promise of advantage: Englishness in IB international schools”. Perspectives: Policy and Practice in Higher Education, 22(4): 109-114. DOI: 10.1080/13603108.2018.1456491

MUTH, S. and SURYANARAYAN, N. 2020. “Language, medical tourism and the enterprising self”. Multilingua, 39(3): 321-342.

PATHAK, A. 2013. Social Implications of Schooling: Knowledge, Pedagogy, and Consciousness. Delhi: Akar Books.

PRASAD, D. K. 2013. “Rise of international schools in India”. International Journal of Education Economics and Development, 4(2): 190-201.

RANI, G. 2008. “Economic reforms and Privatization of Education in India.” Man and Development, 30(2): 67-92.

RAO, S. S. 2008. “Special Article. India’s Language Debates and Education of Linguistic Minorities”. Economic & Political Weekly, 43(36): 63-69.

ROY, M. 1993. “The Englishing of India: Class Formation and Social Privilege”. Social Scientist, 21(5/6): 36-62.

SANCHO, D. 2016. “‘Keeping Up with the Time’: Rebranding Education and Class formation in Globalising India”. Globalisation, Societies and Education, 14(4): 477-491.

SAVAGE, M. et al. 2013. “A New Model of Social Class? findings from the BBC’s Great British Class Survey Experiment”. Sociology, 47(2): 219-250.

SINGH, R. 2017. “Democratization of Knowledge: Vernacular Education Planning in the Indian Context”. SAGE Publications, 33(1): 126–149.

SINHA, S. and Bhattacharya, R. 1969. “Bhadralok and Chhotolok in a Rural Area of West Bengal”. Sociological Bulletin, 18(1): 50–66.

SUNYOL, A. 2019. Multilingualism, elitism and ideologies of globalism in international schools in Catalonia: An ethnographic study. PhD thesis. Disponível em: https://ddd.uab.cat/pub/tesis/2019/hdl_10803_669396/asgm1de1.pdf.

TOOLEY, J., Bao, Y., Dixon, P., and Merrifield, J. 2011. “School choice and academic performance: Some evidence from developing countries”. Journal of School Choice, 5(1): 1-39.

VENKATNARAYANAN, S. 2015. “Economic Liberalization in 1991 and Its Impact on Elementary Education in India”. Sage Open, 5(2): 1-13. DOI: 10.1177/2158244015579517

VISWANATHAN, G. (2015) Masks of Conquest: Literary Study and British Rule in India. New York: Columbia University Press.

Downloads

Publicado

14.08.2021

Como Citar

Daw, B. . (2021). Após o colonialismo: A Supremacia do inglês nas escolas indianas. Novos Debates, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.48006/2358-0097-7124

Edição

Seção

Novas Pesquisas

Artigos mais lidos pelo mesmo(s) autor(es)