Colocando apreciações em cena
Além da perspectiva do paciente
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.48006/2358-0097/V9N1.E9105Mots-clés :
etnografia, pesquisa em saúde, linguagem, perspectiva do paciente, performatividade, representaçãoRésumé
A "perspectiva do paciente" serve como uma ferramenta analítica para apresentar os pacientes como sujeitos com conhecimento na pesquisa, e não como objetos conhecidos pela medicina. Este artigo analisa os problemas encontrados com o conceito da perspectiva do paciente aplicado aos cuidados de saúde mental a longo prazo. Um problema é que "ter uma perspectiva" requer uma percepção de si mesmo como um indivíduo além da capacidade de representar sua situação individual na linguagem falada; isto exclui da pesquisa os pacientes que não se expressam verbalmente. Outro problema é que a ideia de "falar" como uma representação do mundo ignora o fato de que a fala também é uma performance em contexto: requer, pelo menos, a capacidade de lidar com uma situação de entrevista. Para pensar em formas alternativas de incluir os pacientes como sujeitos na pesquisa, desenvolvo uma abordagem que toma esta performatividade como um ponto de partida. Analisando situações práticas e atividades, argumento que os pacientes colocam em cena suas apreciações, dando a conhecer o que eles gostam ou não gostam por meios verbais ou não verbais em um determinado ambiente material, em situações que são co-produzidas por outros. Assim, a subjetividade está ligada a situações e interações, ao invés de ligar-se apenas às características individuais; a "posições do paciente", em vez de as "perspectivas do paciente".
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